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It is considered the oldest fragment of Western thinking. Anaximander reportedly lived on the island of Samos from the end of the seventh century to the middle of the sixth.
According to the generally accepted text the fragment reads:
ἐξ ὧν δὲ ἡ γένεσίς ἐστι τοῖς οὖσι, καὶ τὴν φθορὰν εἰς ταῦτα γίνεσθαι κατὰ τὸ χρεών· διδόναι γὰρ αὐτὰ δίκην καὶ τίσιν ἀλλήλοις τῆς ἀδικίας κατὰ τὴν τοῦ χρόνου τάξιν.
Whence things have their origin, there they must also pass away according to necessity; for they must pay penalty and be judged for their injustice, according to the ordinance of time.
Thus translates the young Nietzsche in a treatise completed in 1873 entitled Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. The treatise was published posthumously in 1903, thirty years after its composition. It is based on a lecture course Nietzsche offered several times in the early 1870's at Basel under the title, "The Preplatonic Philosophers, with Interpretation of Selected Fragments."
In the same year, 1903, that Nietzsche's essay on the Preplatonic philosophers first became known, Hermann Diels' Fragments of the Presocratics appeared. It contained texts critically selected according to the methods of modern classical philology, along with a translation. The work is dedicated to Wilhelm Dilthey. Diels translates the Anaximander fragment in the following words:
Whence things have their origin, there they must also pass away according to necessity; for they must pay penalty and be judged for their injustice, according to the ordinance of time.
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