b) The un-German word "false." Falsum, fallo, σφάλλω. The Roman priority of "overthrowing" in the Latinization of ancient Greece through the imperium (command) as essential ground of iustum. The transporting of ψεῦδος into the Roman-imperial domain of overthrowing. The real event of history: the assault of Latinizing in the Greek-Roman domain of history and the modern view of the Greek world through Roman eyes.
"False"—what are we to say about this word? "False" derives from the Latin falsum. We would do well to become attentive at last, and remain attentive, to what the Brothers Grimm (German Dictionary, III, 1291), who must know, note under this word with a tone of wrath [Ingrimm]: "False, falsus, an un-German word of which there is no trace in Ulfilas." An "un-German word"—he who is not too faint-hearted will be alarmed at this observation and will never again get rid of his dismay. The word "false" [falsch] entered the German language in the early Christian Middle Ages through the Latin falsum. The stem of the Latin word falsum (fallo) is "fall" and is related to the Greek σφάλλω, i.e., to overthrow, bring to a downfall fell make totter. But this Greek word σφάλλω never became the genuine counter-word opposed to ἀληθές. I deliberately say "genuine," because the Greek σφάλλω can sometimes be translated "correctly" by "deceiving"; what is meant, however, thought in the Greek way, is "making totter," "making stagger," "letting stumble into erring." But man can be led into such tottering and falling in the midst of the beings appearing to him only if something is put in his way obstructing beings, so that he does not know what he is dealing with. First something must be held forth and set forth, and then something else entirely must be delivered, so that man can "fall for" what is presented that way and thereby fall down. Bringing to a fall in the sense of misleading first becomes possible on the basis of a putting forth, dissembling, and concealing. Following a pervasive ambiguity, σφάλλω is related to "putting something up"; thought in the Greek way, that means to place something in the unconcealed and to let what thus stands there appear as enduring, i.e., as presencing. Σφάλλω is opposed to such putting up insofar as it does not let the presencing stand in its standing-there but overthrows it, for it puts up something else in place of it and alleges that what is put up is what stands. Τὸ ἀσφαλές means the un-failing, what remains standing in its abiding and enduring, i.e., in Greek, remains in its presencing into the unconcealed. Τὸ ἀσφαλές is never the "certain" and the "secure" in the modern sense of certitudo.
Because the bringing to a fall, in every sense, is only a subsequent effect within the field of the essence of dissembling and concealing (which constitute the essence of ψεῦδος), therefore what is connected